7/23/2023 0 Comments Hot compress vs cold compress![]() ![]() Cold treatment is thought to reduce swelling and cell metabolism, so that oedema, pain and injury are minimized ( 11).Ĭommonly used methods of heat therapy include hot/warm water immersion (HWI/WWI), hot pack, sauna and ultrasound. The intervention forms of CRYO include whole- and partial-body cryotherapy and air-pulsed cryotherapy, with the temperature of the cryotherapy chamber at −30☌, −80 to −110☌, or < −110☌ the cold treatment temperature of PCM is 15☌ ( 10). The immersion temperature of CWI is usually ≤15☌ CRYO is a treatment involving very short exposures to extreme cold dry air to the whole patient or to a treatment area ( 8, 9). ![]() In addition, previous studies have reported the effectiveness of cold and heat therapy in reducing pain in patients with DOMS.Ĭold therapies include cold-water immersion (CWI), cold pack, ice massage, the novel modality of cryotherapy (CRYO) and phase change material (PCM). It is worth noting that, among these, heat and cold therapy have become very popular, as they are low-cost and simple techniques that can be performed easily in different situations and can be applied by non-medical personnel (e.g. These therapies help to promote the recovery of muscle function, decrease the inflammatory response and alleviate the symptoms of DOMS ( 6, 7). Therefore, according to these theoretical mechanisms, various treatments for DOMS are available, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), heat and cold therapy, stretching, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), rest, etc. The increased concentration of leucolysin and Ca2+ after exercise can stimulate the synthesis of local prostaglandins ( 5). Some inflammatory mediators are needed to produce pain in patients with DOMS, and prostaglandins are the most important inflammatory mediators. According to the inflammatory response theory, DOMS is considered to be a series of inflammatory reactions caused by mechanical injury, and Ca2+ plays a triggering role in the process of muscle soreness. In addition to serum myoglobin, phosphokinase, trimethylhistidine and hydroxyproline are increased after exercise ( 5). The main bases supporting this theory (muscle connective tissue damage) are as follows: lower oxygen consumption and energy consumption during exercise, but more serious injuries and soreness, and damage to muscle fibres can be seen under the microscope. The symptoms can range from muscle tenderness to severe debilitating pain, which can reduce patients’ performance (a reduction in joint range of motion, peak torque, mobility and flexibility, etc.) or seriously affect quality of life ( 1, 4).Īlthough the mechanisms and treatment strategies remain uncertain, various mechanisms that contribute to DOMS have been adopted, such as muscle spasm, lactic acid accumulation, injury to the muscles and connective tissues. ( 3) state that DOMS can be detrimental to exercise adherence and may have a drastic effect on performance. Although most people will experience DOMS at some time, many accept that it is a self-limiting entity, and most do not seek medical or physiotherapeutic intervention. DOMS is a common myogenic condition, probably due to pathophysiological changes within the tissue resulting from micro-injuries ( 2). Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is the sensation of pain and discomfort in the muscles, often after taking part in unaccustomed physical activity or high-force muscle work, which normally increases in intensity in the first 24–48 h after exercise and peaks at 24–72 h, then lessens, resolving by 5–7 days post-exercise ( 1).
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